Abstract: Key indicators of civilization include the invention of writing, the use of metal, the rise of cities, the origin of private ownership, and the formation of social classes. However, it is the establishment of the state that ultimately signifie...

    Abstract：As a logical extension of The Middle Ages and the Meta-Principles of European Chilisation, this article aims at tracing the generative path of the civilisational ‘ought’ (for example, the meta-principles) from the perspective of social ‘is...

    Abstract: Daniel Defoe was a significant figure in English literary history, best known worldwide for his novel “Robinson Crusoe”. As a social commentator and political thinker, Defoe offered profound reflections and critiques on the social issues of ...

    Abstract：This paper investigates the scale of the vagrant population during the Tudor Enclosure Movement from two perspectives. First, it analyzes the condition of vagrants by examining the scale of enclosure and the prevalence of illegal and violent e...

    Institute of European Civilization’s Library is a professional library of world history. Its special collections involve studies of European civilization’s process, European economic-social history, which is unique in China domestic co...

    Publisher:Cambridge University PressPublication date:20 February 2026ISBN:9781009699167DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009699167A rich and immersive reinterpretation of the history of Western thought, this volume – the first in a major ...

    Author: Pamela O. LongPublisher: Johns Hopkins University Press, April 2025ISBN: 978-1421451237Description: In Technology in Mediterranean and European Lands, 600-1600, Pamela O. Long explores the intricate web of technological advanceme...

    Author: Sean Bottomley, Cardiff UniversityPublisher: Cambridge University PressPublication date: 06 November 2025ISBN: 9781009384353DescriptionSecure property rights are widely considered to be an essential prerequisite for sustained eco...