根据The English Historical Review Volume 137, Issue 584, February 2022整理

Ravenna: Capital of Empire, Crucible of Europe

作者Judith Herrin (Author)

出版社:‎Princeton University Press; First Edition (2020年10月27日)

ISBN-13‏:‎978-0691153438

At the end of the fourth century, as the power of Rome faded and Constantinople became the seat of empire, a new capital city was rising in the West. Here, in Ravenna on the coast of Italy, Arian Goths and Catholic Romans competed to produce an unrivaled concentration of buildings and astonishing mosaics. For three centuries, the city attracted scholars, lawyers, craftsmen, and religious luminaries, becoming a true cultural and political capital. Bringing this extraordinary history marvelously to life, Judith Herrin rewrites the history of East and West in the Mediterranean world before the rise of Islam and shows how, thanks to Byzantine influence, Ravenna played a crucial role in the development of medieval Christendom.

关键词：拉文纳；中世纪基督教；文化与政治之都；

Valkyrie: The Women of the Viking Worl

作者Jóhanna Katrín Friðriksdóttir (Author)

出版社‏:‎Bloomsbury Academic;第Reprint版(2021年7月15日)

ISBN-13‏:‎978-1350230309

Valkyries: the female supernatural beings that choose who dies and who lives on the battlefield. They protect some, but guide spears, arrows and sword blades into the bodies of others. Viking myths about valkyries attempt to elevate the banality of war–to make the pain and suffering, the lost limbs and deformities, the piles of lifeless bodies of young men, glorious and worthwhile. Rather than their death being futile, it is their destiny and good fortune, determined by divine beings. The women in these stories take full part in the power struggles and upheavals in their communities, for better or worse.

Drawing on the latest historical and archaeological evidence, Valkyrie introduces readers to the dramatic and fascinating texts recorded in medieval Iceland, a culture able to imagine women in all kinds of roles carrying power, not just in this world, but pulling the strings in the other-world, too. In the process, this fascinating book uncovers the reality behind the myths and legends to reveal the dynamic, diverse lives of Viking women.

关键词：女武神；中世纪冰岛文化；维京女性

The Chronography of Robert of Torigni

作者Thomas N. Bisson (Editor)

出版社‏ : ‎ Oxford University Press (2020年5月18日)

ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0199682126

Robert of Torigni's chronicle is a foremost source of information about one of the most famous centres of power in the entire Middle Ages: the court of King Henry II, duke of Normandy and king of England (1154-89), and his wife Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine (d. 1204). In addition, it includes commentary on many contemporaneous issues and concerns, notably about elections, successions, and deaths of bishops and abbots in Normandy and England, but also about events in France, the Empire, and the crusader kingdom in Palestine.

关键词：编年史；托里尼城的罗伯特；英格兰国王亨利二世；阿基坦的埃莉诺；12世纪

Jews and Crime in Medieval Europe

作者Ephraim Shoham-Steiner (Author)

出版社:‎Wayne State University Press (2020年11月10日)

ISBN-13:‎978-0814348239

Jews and Crime in Medieval Europe is a topic laced by prejudice on one hand and apologetics on the other. Beginning in the Middle Ages, Jews were often portrayed as criminals driven by greed. While these accusations were, for the most part, unfounded, in other cases criminal accusations against Jews were not altogether baseless. Drawing on a variety of legal, liturgical, literary, and archival sources, Ephraim Shoham-Steiner examines the reasons for the involvement in crime, the social profile of Jews who performed crimes, and the ways and mechanisms employed by the legal and communal body to deal with Jewish criminals and with crimes committed by Jews. A society's attitude toward individuals identified as criminals―by others or themselves―can serve as a window into that society's mores and provide insight into how transgressors understood themselves and society's attitudes toward them.

关键词：中世纪欧洲；犹太人与犯罪；社会风气；违法者

Cardinal Adam Easton (c.1330–1397): Monk, Scholar, Theologian, Diplomat

作者Miriam Wendling (Editor)等

出版社‏:‎Amsterdam University Press (2020年10月5日)

ISBN-13‏:‎978-9463726528

The varied career of Adam Easton (c.1330―1397) led him from Norwich Cathedral Priory to Oxford, Avignon and Rome. Not only a monk of the Benedictine Order, he was also a scholar, theologian, diplomat and cardinal, and his work reflects the breadth of this multifaceted background. This volume presents recent research on Easton’s oeuvre, his diplomacy and the books that accompanied him on his travels. Amongst the works addressed in this volume are Easton’s Defensorium ecclesiastice potestatis, his Defensorium Sanctae Birgittae and his Office for the Feast of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary. Further evidence is also offered on his testimony during the Great Schism, on the dating of his copy of De pauperie Salvatoris, while two reassessments are made of his likeness, including his sepulchral monument at S. Cecilia in Trastevere in Rome and the Lutterworth wall painting. Finally, a catalogue of Easton’s important manuscript collection is also provided.

关键词：14世纪；红衣主教亚当·伊斯顿；本笃会

Houses and Society in Norwich, 1350–1660: Urban Buildings in an Age of Transition

Chris King

Boydell Press (2020年10月16日)

ISBN-13 : 978-1783275540

Norwich was second only to London in size and economic significance from the late Middle Ages through to the mid-seventeenth century. This book brings together, for the first time, the rich archaeological evidence for urban households and domestic life in Norwich, using surviving buildings, excavated sites, and material culture. It offers a broad overview of the changing forms, construction and spatial organisation of urban houses during the period, ranging across the social spectrum from the large courtyard mansions occupied by members of the mercantile and civic elite, to the homes of the urban "middling sort" and the small two- and three-roomed cottages of the city's weavers andartisans.

关键词：诺维奇；城市建筑；转型时期

Cultures of Empire: Rethinking Venetian Rule, 1400–1700. Essays in Honour of Benjamin Arbel

Georg Christ

BRILL (2020年7月30日)

ISBN-13: 978-9004427600

This book investigates perceptions, modes, and techniques of Venetian rule in the early modern Eastern Mediterranean (1400-1700) between colonial empire, negotiated and pragmatic rule; between soft touch and exploitation; in contexts of former and continuous imperial belongings; and with a focus on representations and modes of rule as well as on colonial daily realities and connectivities.

关键词：威尼斯；文化；早期近代；东地中海

Infanticide in Tudor and Stuart England

Josephine Billingham

Amsterdam University Press; Illustrated edition (2019年10月1日)

ISBN-13:978-9462986794

Infanticide in Tudor and Stuart Englandexplores one of society’s darkest crimes using archival sources and discussing its representation in the drama, pamphlets and broadside ballads of the early modern period. It takes the reader on a journey through the streets and taverns where street literature was hawked, to the playhouses where the crime was dramatized, and the courts where it was tried and punished. Using a regional microstudy of coroners’inquests and churchwardens’presentments, coupled with theories of liminality, marginality and rites of passage, it reveals complex and contradictory attitudes to infants, women and the crime. As well as considering unwed women, the most common perpetrators of infanticide, the study shows that married women, men and the local community were also culpable, and the many reasons for this. Infanticide in Tudor and Stuart England is set in its European and historical contexts, revealing surprising continuities across time.

关键词：杀婴；都铎王朝；斯图亚特王朝；英格兰

Between Rome and Byzantium: The Golden Age of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’s Political Culture. Second Half of the Fifteenth Century to First Half of the Seventeenth Century

Jūratė Kiaupienė

Academic Studies Press (2020年1月14日)

ISBN-13: 978-1644691465

The focus of this book is the unique socio-political and socio-cultural community of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the golden age of the late fifteenth to early seventeenth century. This study analyses the cultural and political impact of the values disseminated in the newly created state, such as the concept of the state itself, its governance, representation, laws, and other elements of the socio-political system.

关键词：立陶宛大公国；社会政治；社会文化；十五世纪晚期；十七世纪早期

In Good Faith: Arabic Translation and Translators in Early Modern Spain

Claire M. Gilbert

University of Pennsylvania Press (2020年10月23日)

ISBN-13: 978-0812252460

In Good Faithexamines the administrative functions and practices of the individual translators who walked the knife's edge, as the task of the Arabic-Spanish translator became both more perilous and more coveted during a volatile historical period. Despite the myriad personal and political risks run by Arabic speakers, Claire M. Gilbert argues that Arabic translation was at the core of early modern Spanish culture and society and that translators played pivotal roles in the administrative, institutional, and ideological development of Spain and its relationships, both domestic and international. Using materials from state, local, and religious archives, Gilbert develops the notion of "fiduciary translation" and uses it to paint a vivid picture of the techniques by which translators attempted to demonstrate their expertise and trustworthiness—thereby to help protect themselves, their families, and even their communities from the Inquisition and other authorities. By emphasizing the practices and networks of the individual translators themselves, Gilbert's social history of Arabic translation deepens our understanding of religious minorities, international relations, and statecraft in early modern Spain.

关键词：近代早期；西班牙；翻译家

The Shogun’s Silver Telescope: God, Art, and Money in the English Quest for Japan, 1600–1625

Timon Screech

Oxford University Press (2020年12月14日)

ISBN-13: 978-0198832034

The East India Company, founded in London in 1600, was originally a spice trading organisation. But its governors soon began to think bigger. After a decade, they started to plan voyages to more fabulous places, notably India and Japan. Rich in silver, Japan was a desirable trading partner; crucially, it was also cold in winter. England's main export was woollen cloth, which would not sell in hot places, so the Company envisaged adding to its spice runs by sailingback and forth to Japan, exchanging wool for silver. Maps suggested that this could be done quickly, above Russian. But these maps also made Japan twenty times too large, the size of India in fact.

关键词：十七世纪；英国；日本；

Leonardo’s Salvator Mundi and the Collecting of Leonardo in the Stuart Courts

Martin Kemp (Author), Robert B. Simon (Author), Margaret Dalivalle (Author)

Oxford University Press; Illustrated edition (2020年1月19日)

ISBN-13: 978-0198813835

This book looks at evidence of Leonardo's Salvator Mundi in the collections of Charles I and Charles II. It explores the appraisal of works by Leonardo at the Stuart courts, and proposes that how works attributed to Leonardo were first encountered and understood in seventeenth-century Britain would shape the wider evolution of Leonardo as a cultural icon.

关键词：列奥纳多·达·芬奇；《救世主》；斯图亚特王朝

Law and Revolution in Seventeenth-Century Ireland

The English Republican Exiles in Europe during the Restoration

Gaby Mahlberg (Author)

Cambridge University Press (2020年10月1日)

ISBN-13: 978-1108841627

The Restoration of the Stuart monarchy in 1660 changed the lives of English republicans for good. Despite the Declaration of Breda, where Charles II promised to forgive those who had acted against his father and the monarchy during the Civil War and Interregnum, opponents of the Stuart regime felt unsafe, and many were actively persecuted. Nevertheless, their ideas lived on in the political underground of England and in the exile networks they created abroad. While much of the historiography of English republicanism has focused on the British Isles and the legacy of the English Revolution in the American colonies, this study traces the lives, ideas and networks of three seventeenth-century English republicans who left England for the European continent after the Restoration. Based on sources from a range of English and continental European archives, Gaby Mahlberg explores the lived experiences of these three exiles - Edmund Ludlow in Switzerland, Henry Neville in Italy, and Algernon Sidney - for a truly transnational perspective on early modern English republicanism.

关键词：斯图亚特王朝；复辟；共和主义者