Editor: HOU Jianxin (Professor of IEC, TJNU)

Authors:

ZHANG Dianqing(Professor of History Institute, Hebei University)

LI Bingzhong(Vice President and Professor of Shaanxi Normal University)

Publisher: The Commercial Press (December 2024)

ISBN: 9787100243575

Introduction:

This volume traces the evolution of universities from the perspective of European civilization.In the medieval section, it focuses on analyzing the precursor to universities—the corporative character of European society—and elucidates the relationships between the original universities and key factors such as the Christian Church, secular monarchs, urban authorities, and renowned teachers.Theanalysis reveals the autonomy and independence of universities. The external manifestations of university autonomyandorganization, also served as tools in their struggles with other public power. In the modern section, the volume examines the relationships between core elements of European universities—such as funding sources, teacher recruitment, and examination reforms—and the modern state,It indicatesthe "nationalization" of European universitiesand theirsince the modern era. Additionally, the volume explores the establishment and development oftheAcademy of Technologiesin Germany and France, as well as city college in Britain, arguing that these higher education institutions, adapted to societal occupational needs, remained communal in nature and did not lose the traditional autonomy characteristic of universities. Finally,itdiscusses the strong reactions of European universities after World War II to certain extreme forms of "nationalization" and their efforts to return to "early traditions of autonomy."