Abstract：Liturgies of classical Athens was a system specially set up for the rich, which involved aspects such as religious festivals, sports competitions, engineering construction and military equipment. It was a product of the establishment of the Athenian democracy, reflected the characteristic of the integration of citizen and state in Athens and the rich group' s democratic identity. To a certain extent, its establishment and implementation promoted the strength of Athens, the development of democratic system, social harmony and stability, and the cultural prosperity. But at the same time, it also had negative effects, damaging the Athenian democracy, making Athenian democratic politics oligarchical to some extent, leading to invisible political corruption, and contributing to the deterioration of civic spirit, and became an important cause for the decline of Athenian democracy.